1. Harold L. Ickes, The Lowering Clouds, 1939-1941 , vol. 3 of The Secret Diary of Harold L. Ickes , pp. 256-59.

2. New York Herald Tribune , October 9, 1944.

3. Hyman, Benton , p. 138.

4. Alexander Woollcott, "Town Crier," broadcast 1944.

5. Hyman, Benton , pp. 230-31.

6. Hutchins, "What Shall We Defend?" reprinted in Vital Speeches of the Day 6 (July 1, 1940): 547-49.

7. Hutchins, "Higher Education and National Defense" (Speech to the Chicago Association of Commerce, January 29, 1941).

8. Harry Hopkins, letter to his brother, Emory Hopkins. Quoted in Robert Sherwood, Roosevelt and Hopkins: An Intimate Portrait (New York: Harper and Brothers, 1948), pp. 123-24.

9. Hutchins, "Democracy, Defense, and War" (Edward Douglas White lecture, Louisiana State University, April 25, 1941), printed as "Education at War" in Education for Freedom .

10. Quoted in Hyman, Benton , p. 239.

11. Ickes, Lowering Clouds , p. 472.

12. John Gunther Papers, box XXV, F. 14, Regenstein Library, University of Chicago.

13. Hutchins, letter to Philip Jessup, April 22, 1941.

14. Wayne S. Cole, America First: The Battle against Intervention, 1940-41 (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1953), p. 174.

15. Chester Bowles, letter to Hutchins, June 16, 1941.

16. Joseph L. Jaffe, Jr., "Isolation and Neutrality in Academe, 1938-1941" (Doctoral dissertation, Department of History, Case Western Reserve University, 1979), p. 31.

17. Hutchins, letter to Charles Lindbergh, April 14, 1952.

18. Clarence B. Randall, letter to Hutchins, March 31, 1941.

19. Hutchins, letter to Clarence B. Randall, April 2, 1941.

20. Richard H. Goldstone, Thornton Wilder (New York: Saturday Review Press, 1975), pp. 140-41.

21. Hutchins, speech at memorial service for Thornton Wilder, New Haven, Connecticut, January 18, 1976.

22. John Gunther, Taken at the Flood: The Story of Albert D. Lasker (New York: Harper, 1960), pp. 181-82.

23. Ibid., pp. 265-66. [Editor's note: To this information, Gunther adds the following sentences (that Mayer omits to include or to mention): "But this had not been Mayer's title. He had called the article 'The Wondering Jew' and the Post , without his knowledge or consent, changed it to 'The Case Against the Jew.' But Lasker would not be mollified" (p. 266).

Whether or not this is correct about the titles, or as to what presumably Lasker was told, Mayer apparently refrained from public comment or dis-

claimer, and stoically assumed, then and thereafter, the consequences of the printed (and eventually reprinted) title appearing over his name. From among Mayer's papers, drafts, notes, marginalia, or surviving associates, I discover no evidence to confirm (or deny) the version Gunther gives in his biography of Albert Lasker.

But many years later—in a speech at Chicago in 1967 to receive the University's "Communicator of the Year" award—Mayer said this about this controversial article and its title: "My thesis was the well-worn platitude that Gentiles are no good and nobody should imitate them. I was, in a word, making out a case for the Jew. The title I used was 'The Case Against the Jew.'" Mayer, "The Remote Possibility of Communication,'' University of Chicago Magazine (November 1967), p. 21.]

22. John Gunther, Taken at the Flood: The Story of Albert D. Lasker (New York: Harper, 1960), pp. 181-82.

23. Ibid., pp. 265-66. [Editor's note: To this information, Gunther adds the following sentences (that Mayer omits to include or to mention): "But this had not been Mayer's title. He had called the article 'The Wondering Jew' and the Post , without his knowledge or consent, changed it to 'The Case Against the Jew.' But Lasker would not be mollified" (p. 266).

Whether or not this is correct about the titles, or as to what presumably Lasker was told, Mayer apparently refrained from public comment or dis-

claimer, and stoically assumed, then and thereafter, the consequences of the printed (and eventually reprinted) title appearing over his name. From among Mayer's papers, drafts, notes, marginalia, or surviving associates, I discover no evidence to confirm (or deny) the version Gunther gives in his biography of Albert Lasker.

But many years later—in a speech at Chicago in 1967 to receive the University's "Communicator of the Year" award—Mayer said this about this controversial article and its title: "My thesis was the well-worn platitude that Gentiles are no good and nobody should imitate them. I was, in a word, making out a case for the Jew. The title I used was 'The Case Against the Jew.'" Mayer, "The Remote Possibility of Communication,'' University of Chicago Magazine (November 1967), p. 21.]

24. Hutchins, letter to Thornton Wilder, February 22, 1941.

25. Hutchins, "America and the War," NBC radio address, January 23, 1941, printed in the University of Chicago Magazine (February 1941), p. 7.

26. Ibid.

25. Hutchins, "America and the War," NBC radio address, January 23, 1941, printed in the University of Chicago Magazine (February 1941), p. 7.

26. Ibid.

27. Hutchins, "Democracy, Defense, and War" (Edward Douglas White Lecture, Louisiana State University, April 25, 1941); "Education and the Defense of Democracy" (Loyola University [Chicago] Convocation, May 13, 1941).

28. Hutchins, "Political Community."

29. Hutchins, "Proposition Is Peace."

30. Hutchins, "America and the War," p. 5.

31. Hutchins, "Proposition Is Peace."