[34] Irving Kristol accuses left-wing radicals of succumbing to "highly apocalyptic notions of the present." But Kristol's own assessment of the present is not much less apocalyptic: "The inner spiritual chaos of the times, so powerfully created by the dynamics of capitalism itself, is such as to make nihilism an easy temptation." Capitalism Today, ed. Daniel Bell and Irving Kristol (New York: Basic Books, 1971), pp. 11, 13. In a similar vein, see also Daniel Bell, The Cultural Contradictions of Capitalism (New York: Basic Books, 1976). The same ambivalence toward capitalism, and thegloomy pathos that accompanies it, is already to be found in Schumpeter's celebration of capitalism's achievements and dismay over its self-annulling tendencies. (This attitude is captured well in the title of Kristol's book Two Cheers for Capitalism [New York: Basic Books, 1978]; the choice of title is explained in the book's preface.) Like the neoconservatives, Schumpeter scorns radicals for failing to appreciate the extent to which the greatest feats of the modern world are owing to mentalities fostered by capitalism, but at the same time adopts a critical perspective that suggests, no less than that of the radical, that capitalism is morally problematical to a profound degree. See Joseph A. Schumpeter, Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy (New York: Harper & Row, 1976), p. 129: The radical's "adverse verdict about capitalist civilization rests on nothing except stupidity, ignorance or irresponsibility. . . . But a completely adverse verdict may also be arrived at on a higher plane." Reading Schumpeter and his successors, one is tempted to ask whether capitalism is more unloved by its enemies than by the enemies of its enemies. Similar lines of thought on the moral conditions of capitalism's capacity to sustain itself are pursued in Kristol, "A Reply," The Public Interest no. 22 (Winter 1971): 104-105; Kristol, "Capitalism, Socialism, and Nihilism," The Public Interest no. 31 (Spring 1973): 3-16; and (from a point of view that seems more receptive to socialist possibilities) Hirsch, Social Limits to Growth. For a helpful scan of these issues, see Raymond Plant, "Hirsch, Hayek, and Habermas: Dilemmas of Distribution," in Dilemmas of Liberal Democracies, ed. A. Ellis and K. Kumar (London: Tavistock, 1983), pp. 45-64.